Muslims In Central Asia And The Coming Battle Of Islam - Ummah Watch

09 August 2010

By Al-Ikhwah Al-Mujahidun

Translators Introduction:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

In the name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful

First and foremost, this work is one of many works by the leaders of the Global Jihad against the forces of unbelief and hypocrisy. Sheikh Abu Mus’ab of course is not just any luminary but rather one of the more outspoken and visionary leaders of the jihad that had a solid grasp of history, tactics, strategy and real experience. However, before introducing Shaikh Abu Mus’ab, there needs to be made a few clarifications regarding the translation itself.

I have taken the liberty to add footnotes for those who are unfamiliar with the historical intricacies of the piece, (NOTE: footnote #3 is the Shaykh’s from the original text in regards to the ahadith about the Mahdi and NOT mine). In addition, I have also changed the grammar to suit English readers as, obviously, different languages have different structures and so this may at times not be a literal translation per se but as close as I could get it without harming readability, and also not attempting to translating words that really don’t have a direct word meaning in English. Furthermore, there is a glossary of the Arabic terms as well. I have also used brackets such as ‘[ ]’ to indicate my additional notes on the text to once again make it simpler to understand what Sheikh Abu Mus’ab says and to add certain things that he assumed his original readers would know, but not laymen, (i.e. source of hadith or Quranic verse reference). What is included in these brackets is NOT included in the original text.

Authors Biography:

Mustafa bin Abd al-Qadir Sitmaryam Nasar (born ca. 1958 in Aleppo, Syria) is best known by his nom de guerre Abu Mus'ab al-Suri and by his nom de plume Umar Abd al-Hakim.

Sheikh Nasar was reportedly captured in the Pakistani city of Quetta in late October 2005, although exactly where and when is disputed. He was captured by Pakistani security forces and handed over to American custody a month or so later. Since he was not among the 14 high-profile al-Qaida suspects transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in late 2006, it has been inferred that Sheikh Nasar has been sent back to Syria. He is wanted (as a witness) in Spain in connection with the 2004 Madrid train operations, and wanted in Syria.

Sheikh Nasar fought the Soviet Union in Afghanistan during the 1980s, and later worked with the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria until the government of Hafez Assad cracked down on that organization. He met Sheikh Osama bin Laden either there or later in Sheikh Osama's temporary exile to Sudan.

His best known work is the 1600-page book The Call for Global Islamic Resistance which appeared on the Internet in 2004.In it, the Kafir author Lawrence Wright reports that Sheikh Nasar:

proposes that the next stage of jihad will be characterized by terrorism created by individuals or small autonomous groups (what he terms `leaderless resistance`) which will wear down the enemy and prepare the ground for the far ambitious aim of waging war on `open fronts` .... `without confrontation in the field and seizing control of the land, we cannot establish a state, which is the strategic goal of the resistance.` The American occupation of Iraq, he declares, inaugurated a `historical new period` that almost single-handedly rescued the jihadi movement just when many of its critics thought it was finished."

Glossary of Terms:

1. Jihad: literally it means to strive or to struggle. The two major categories of Jihad are Physical (qital), which in itself has subcategories in terms of obligation, (Fard Kifayah: if the sufficiency needed for combat is fulfilled, the obligation is not on the rest of the Ummah while Fard Ayn: The obligation to fight is upon all Muslims) and of type, (There is Defensive and Offensive). Shaykh Abdullah Azzam sums the issue up in ‘Join the Caravan:’

“When a span of Muslim land is occupied jihad becomes individually obligatory (fard `ayn) on the inhabitants of that piece of land. The woman may go out without her husband's permission with a mahram, the one in debt without the permission of the one to whom he owes, the child without his father's permission. If the inhabitants of that area are not sufficient in number, fall short, or are lazy, the individually obligatory nature of jihad extends to those around them, and so on and so on until it covers the entire Earth, being individually obligatory (fard `ayn) just like salah, fasting, and the like so that nobody may abandon it."

2. Qital: depending on the context it either means to fight or to kill.

3. Dar: Although hard to literally translate, it means domain or house.

4. Dar Al Islam: Domain of Islam, or the area wherein Sharia is applied.

5. Dar Al Kufr: Domain of Unbelief, wherein the laws of Islam are not applied and laws of the unbelievers are applied instead.

6. Ribat: Jihad for safeguarding frontiers

7. Iman: literally meaning "to learn", "to fully observe one's faith" or "to learn one's faith", and lexically meaning affirmation and confirmation in the heart. In this context it means true and unadulterated faith in Allah as the one and only diety worthy of worship and Islam.

8. صلى الله عليه وسلم : May the Peace and Blessings of Allah be Upon Him. Used honorifically after the Prophet Muhammad’s ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) name.

9. Ummah: meaning Community or Nation. In this context, the word ummah is used to mean the "Community of the Believers" (ummat al-mu'minin), and thus the whole Muslim world.

10. Mujahideen: literally means struggler. It means one that is engaged in Jihad and in the scope of essay, it means Armed jihad.

11. Fee SabillAllah: Roughly translated “in the way of Allah,”

12. Shariah: Islamic Jurisprudence which, put simply, consists of the Quran, Sunnah, Ijma/Concensus and Qiyas/Analogy.

13. Dawah: literally meaning summons or call. It also means invite or invitation. Dawah is often referred to as the act of preaching Islam by various methods.

14.Deen: used in reference to Islam, which means a ‘way of life,’ consisting rules to live by, in the case of Islam, were revealed upon the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم by Allah (SWT).

15. Mahdi: literally it means the guided one. The one who will lead the armies of Islam, carrying black flags, from Khorasan undefeated until reaching Jeruslam, wherein they will erect their flags.

16. Dajjal: literally meaning The Deceiver/impostor, but it refers to in this context to the False Messiah, (or Masih Ad Dajjal). According to most scholars Dajjal and his army will fight Isa (Upon Him Be Peace), and his army near the Day of Judgment.

17. Hadith: The collection of sayings and actions of the prophet (.(صلى الله عليه وسلم

18. Ameer: a title which means commander or general.

19. Shaheed: loosely translated, it means martyr.

20. Hijra: meaning migration. The Islamic calendar defines its year one as the first year after the migration of the Prophet Muhammad ( ) and his followed from Makka to Medina.

21. Jannah: Heaven

22. Madaris: Literally meaning schools, however in this context it means religious schools.

23. Ghuraba: literally it means ‘strangers. ’ The Ghuraba are talked about in this hadith:

“ بدأ الإسلام غريباً وسيعود غريباً آما بدأ فطوبى للغرباء ” Sahih Muslim, Ibn Majah, Tirmidhi

“Islam began as something strange, and it will return as something strange the way it began. So Tooba/forgiveness [is] for the Strangers”

The ghuraba are those who were present when Islam started as something strange and towards the end times, wherein, (as nowadays), Islam is seen as something strange, and in need of alteration.

24. Madhab: Islamic Schools of Law such as the Hanafis, Shafi’s, Maliki’s and the Hanbali’s.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

In the name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful

All Praises be to Allah, we praise Him, We seek His help, we seek His forgiveness, and we seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves and our evil actions. Whosoever Allah guides, there is none to mislead, and whosoever He allows to stray, there is none to guide. Oh Allah, we have no knowledge except what you taught, for you are the Knower of the Unseen.

O Lord, we have heard the callers calling towards iman and to "believe in Your Lord!" Our Lord, forgive us our sins, unbelief and our evil and grant us to die in the state of righteousness.

Our Lord and Provider. Grant us what You promised to us upon your Messenger, and not humiliate us on the Day of Reckoning. Indeed, You do not break your promise.

May peace and blessing be upon the apple of our eyes, our noble beloved Prophet

Muhammad, ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ), and many blessing upon His family and His Companions, and what follows:

A great victory has been achieved by the Ummah of Islam over the Ummah of Unbelief with the victory in the Afghan Jihad over the Soviet Union, one the mightiest forces of atheism and evil in the modern era, which has led to major shifts in contemporary human history and the future in general. These events have restored the spirit of hope, and life in the body of the Ummah of Islam. The awakened youth are looking to restore the glory of Islam and creating an Islamic state in general and raising the flag of the Shariah in particular. Moreover these events have sparked the hopes in the souls of the Mujahideen fee sabillAllah. The results of this Jihad are clear, and by the grace of Allah, (SWT) and His blessings, after a period of corruption in the Muslim Ummah where there was placed, between the coalition of Mujahideen forces, apostasy and hypocrisy within Afghanistan. At the same time, there were also authoritarian governments established in the region of Muslim countries.

However, the spirits of the Ummah were lifted by the Taliban and its role in the establishment of the first Islamic Emirate ruled by the Sharia of Allah, (SWT) in Afghanistan and thus the birth of the first Dar Al Islam since the fall of the Islamic caliphate. The aspirations and hopes of Muslims were for them, [the mujahideen] to deliver this blessing upon all Muslims throughout the lands of Muslims, controlled by the forces of atheism: The Jews and The Crusaders or their murtadeen clients throughout the Islamic world, (without exception).

The hopes of all the peoples of Islam in this hope [of getting rid of the Unbelievers and establishing Shariah] were united. In addition, many of the Jihad movements and the Mujahideen from different countries had come together to give victory to the Emirate by way of Jihad and strengthening it against its enemies. In fact, it has now become a springboard for the liberation of all lands. The hope has come and the people of the [Islamist] movements in the lands of Islam adjacent to the Dar Al Islam emerging in Afghanistan, particularly those that had been occupied by the same enemy, which brought its military strength over the mountains of Afghanistan, and by that I mean the Soviet Union. Those countries which know Russia is always attempting to carry out heavy aggression, which was carried out under an older banner previously. These countries are the so-called Muslim republics of Central Asia. Which countries are these you might ask?

What is the most important information about the region that should be known today by Muslims in general and the Mujahideen fee sabilillah in particular? What is the relevance and role of these countries in the awakening of the Ummah of Islam today? What is the significance of the Jihad in the region? Why must Muslims pull together to support the cause of Muslims in this region?

These questions are answered through this research.

I have written an exhaustive research paper, which is now recorded in twenty cassette tape entitled. (Jihad, [Qital], is the solution: Why? and How?) It was a compiled after reviewing the history of conflict between Muslims and the New World Order and the roots of this current conflict. It was also reviewed in light of the history of the current Islamic awakening, jihad movements, the results of this confrontation, and concluded that the important arenas of conflict in the coming days, concentrating on several fundamental issues, are the vitally important arenas of:

1. Afghanistan

2. Central Asia

3. Yemen

4. Morocco

5. Al Sham1

6. and the fringes of Jerusalem.

The point of this research paper is to shed light on the second of those issues, which is the importance of the issue of Jihad in Central Asia, having dealt with the former issue in a previous research paper (Afghanistan, The Taliban and the Battle of Islam today). The research on Afghanistan was one hundred and fifty pages and was also recorded in five cassette tapes. Allah Willing, I will publish research on the remaining issues of Yemen, the Arabian Peninsula, Morocco, North Africa and Al Sham, Allah Willing.

This research is entitled: “Muslims of Central Asia and the Coming Battle of Islam,” and it contains:

• Intro: Information on the Region.

• Part II: History of Central Asia from the Islamic Conquests to the Occupation of Russians

• Part III: Chronology of The Russian Invasion of Islamic States in Central Asia

• Part IV: The Reality of the Central Asian Republics and Muslims After the Breakup of the Soviet Union.

• Part V: The Importance of Jihad in Central Asia and Reasons For Its Priority

• Part VI: The Relationship of The Jihad in Afghanistan and Jihad in Central Asia And, Generally the Jihad between Muslims and the New World Order.

• Part VII: Conclusion and Key Points.

Introduction:

General information about Central Asia -

This includes the Islamic Central Asian states usually, in the area located between East China, Iran and the western Caspian Sea. They are also found between India and Pakistan on the southern end, with borders up to Siberia and the Urals northwards. We will talk about both the colonial and political divisions in these states:

1. East Turkistan: Occupied by China.

Capital: Its capital is Aromchi (the ancient capital of Kashger) Area: An area of about 1,734,750 km2

Demography: there are about 25 million Muslims. In addition to this, there are more than this number of Chinese immigrants in settlements which are part of the occupation of the country. Its inhabitants are of the Turkic race, which inhabit the route from China to Turkey through Central Asia and the Caucasus's.

2. Kyrgyzstan:

Capital: Bishkek Area: 500,000 km2

Demography: population of about 4,600,000 people, of the Turkic race, and the proportion of Muslims are about 75% of the population

3. Uzbekistan:

Capital: Tashkent Area: 480,000 km2

Demography: Population of about 25 million people and the proportion of Muslims is some 85% of the population who happen to also be of the Turkic race.

4. Kazakhstan:

Capital: Almaty Area: 2,500,000 km2

Demography: With a population of about 17 million people and the proportion of Muslims including some 55% of the population who are also of the Turkic race.

5. Turkmenistan:

Capital: Ashgabat Area: 500,000 km2

Demography: a population of about four million people, the proportion of Muslims is approximately 86% who are of Turkic origin as well

6. Tajikistan:

Capital: Dushanbe Area: 1,400,000 km2

Demography: a population of about 5 million people - Muslims are about 80% of the population, with a large number of Persians in the population.

These last five, Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan-Tajikistan - Turkmenistan are collectively called Western Turkistan. And today, after their breakaway from the Soviet Union, the so-called Organization of Central Asian States2, which has been formed sponsored by the Russians and Americans, restrain the progress of Islam in the region. We then considered Afghanistan and Pakistan as a geographical and political extension of Central Asia for the Islamic awakening in the region, and learnt the following:

7. Pakistan:

Capital: Islamabad Area: 680,000 km2

Demography: population of about 120 million people, where the population consists of ethnic Indian, Punjabi and the Pashtun and Baluchis.

8. Afghanistan:

Capital: Kabul Area: 650,000 km2

Demography: population of about 16 million people, most of them Pashtuns addition to a significant minority in the north of Persians, Uzbeks and Turks with a proportion of the Baluch in the south-west.

This area of Islamic presence is important and volatile, in a region covering over eight million km2. The population is over 200 million Hanafi Muslims. This regions political, economic, human, historical and cultural importance to us include:

a. Strategically, the region is very important, isolated, an important link between China, East Asia, between the eastern and southern sea outlets to the area of the Arabian Gulf, oil areas and important waterways.

b. It is a region rich in important natural resources. They have very important commodities of oil, gas, gold, uranium, precious stones and more than 90 kinds of basic industrial metals.

c. The region is very rich in rain and snow and thus rivers. Lakes and groundwater are abundant. That means in addition to the fertility of the land and the variation of the weather and His moderation, there is a great overflow of agricultural riches, resulting in self-sufficiency.

d. Contained in Afghanistan and Central Asia, is a strategic stock of tremendous industrial waste and installations left behind by the disintegrated Soviet Union, from all levels of medium industries to high technology. The most important of these remnants are of military and industrial installations. This is the legacy of the disintegrated superpower and this region has inherited a significant portion of what was left behind.

e. The region contains Islamic capitals which are very important centers for the Muslims in the region and these Islamic cities possess important history for the present and, moreover, the future in regards to Islamic Movements such as Bukhara and Samarkand, Termez and Tashkent and Khwarzem, Kabul and Merv.

f. The region contains about 350 thousand residents of Jewish origin in the area waiting for the final appearance of the kings of Bani Israel/Children of Israel including the antichrist himself, which is referred to in the books of the three monotheistic religions.

g. The region is living through the revival of Islam in general and Jihad is also showing signs of promise after the long years since the brutal Russian occupation and bullying of the Communist regime after which, All Thanks to Allah, the Afghan Jihad happened, which led to the destruction of the Soviet Union.

h. The region was subjected to the tremendous crusader invasion which replaced the Russian crusaders, which is reflected in the economic occupation, which is seen across thousands of Americans and Western investments in countries of the region, which oversee the terrible daily colonialist looting of the economy. This economic occupation is accompanied by the crusader cultural invasions led by missionaries and church organization, which attacked the country immediately after liberation from the Soviets, which was then followed by religious openness after the departure of the Russians and the period after Gorbachev.

i. The region is considered to have a large population which is seen as a important market for trade and for targeting the major industrial countries.

j. The general state of poverty and destitution in all stratas of society is important strategically for Dawah and Jihadi movements.

k. Muslims in the region were known to have a hold over their military and shared in the fighting with immense unity. They are eager sympathizers to their Deen, and have over many long decades lived with the memories and all the bitter history of the Russian Crusaders. These specifications are an important platform for a jihad in the region.

l. The creation of a ‘Dar Al Islam,’the rule of Sharia and the Emirate of Believers in Afghanistan led to the creation of the Jihadi Military balance of weapons, expertise and fighters gathered together, bringing many experiences and talents along with the cream of the jihadi youth. The blessed Islamic revival from various regions of the world constitutes a starting point and crucial strategic supply lines for the future of Jihad in the region.

m. Finally, one of the most important reasons linked to the future of Islamic movements are the Prophecies of the end of time and of the gathering of the People of Truth and a springboard for the Flag of Triumph in these lands. The Prophecy and the promises are consistent with what the people of the book say also.

a. In this region of Central Asia from Uzbekistan to Azerbaijan, the Dajjal, The last kings of the Jews, will set out after being followed by Seventy thousand Jews from Isfahan. In terms of the Iranian Jewish community, it still resides with the other communities and are deprived from emigrating to Israel, as all the world's Jews await their King, Masih Ad Dajjal.

b. In this region to the north of Afghanistan and Transoxiana, the black flags will set out which is when, The Mahdi is expected to fill the earth with equity and justice, carrying the banner of the people of Islam to the attainment of victory3. This will continue till the end of time in Al Sham with the Jews and Christians.

From this description, what is presented details the intensity of the prophecy of the Shariah and that handling politics with military means for the formation of the strategic dimension is very, very important for the Islamic Jihad movement in this place and this particular time, and Allah knows best.

Part II : History of Central Asia from the Islamic Conquests to the Occupation of Russians

Before the entry of Islam, Central Asia had many religions, such as Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Nestorian Christians. They were the victims of ethnic discrimination and oppression and wars between the tribes and the military forces among the Chinese Empire from the east and Persia from the west.

1. The beginning of Islam’s entrance into the area, was a victorious movement that began during the era of the righteous Caliph, Omar bin al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, during the first century AH and continued across to the era of Othman bin Affan, may Allah be pleased with him. This was then continued by the leaders and conquerors in the Umayyad era. It opened up Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and the Caspian Sea region of the Caucasus fully. This was followed by Khorasan4, Tabrstan, Sajistan to Kabul. Then movement stopped during the time of the Great Fitnah5 in the last era of the caliphate of Uthman and the Caliphate of Ali, May Allah Bless Them All. The movement resumed in the Umayyad era during the caliphate of Muawiya, and flourished in the era of the caliphate of Abdul Malik bin Marwan and his Sons, wherein the Central Asian region became the property of Islam and carried out Dawah and was then subsequently consolidated during the Islamic medieval period.

2. Then the people of that country rose up and performed a coup and unrest prevailed and the rule of Islam was not restored up to the era of the great conqueror, Qutaybah bin Muslim Al Bahli, which reopened the country of Khwarzem6, Bukhara, Samarkand and then followed by Khorasan. He consolidated the rule of Islam in Transoxiana7 in year 88 Hijri, which is the year 706 AD, reaching his armies deep into China after opening Kashger, the capital of East Turkestan. This is when he was given the mandate of the province of Khorasan by Al Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf8 in the era Walid bin Abdul Malik then he marched and urged people to Jihad in Transoxiana.

3. In the era of Qutaybah bin Muslim, The King of Bukhara embraced Islam by Qutaybah’s hands and the people of Bukhara entered into Islam as well. The King called one of his sons Qutaybah and spread Islam amongst the Turkic people, who are the majority inhabitants of the region.

4. Justice was promoted along with equity and good policies to spread Islam in the region. From this region emerged the scientific movement and an Islamic civilization that merged the Arabs with non Arabs, leading to the flourishing of a solid civilization which lasted for centuries.

5. The propagation of Islam continued and Khorasan and Transoxiana were settled by immense amount of Arab immigrants. According to a few historical sources, fifty thousand Arab families trekked from Basra in Iraq and settled in the area, which was then followed by successive mass migrations of Arab families, which was the proof of the spread of Islam and the flourishing trade and civilization.

6. This golden era extended from the late first century AH to the early 7th century AH until the Tatar invasions began, led by Genghis Khan in the year 600 AH, (1220 AD), moving down to the State of Khawarzim, and governing the region.

7. As for the history of kingdoms in the region after the beginning of the Tartar invasion, was briefly as follows:

a) Following the invasion, throughout the region of the Ummayad caliphate, periods of kingship [as opposed to Khalifas/caliphs] followed. This was followed by the succession of the Abbasids about a century later and the rulers were once again based on the institution of the caliphate practically and symbolically linking together nominally semi-independent Islamic kingdoms.

b) The Tahiriya state was established and lasted from the year 205 AH-259 AH.

c) Then, the Safariyah state was established by Yaqoob Bin Al Layth Al Safar

d) Then Samanid state was established and lasted between 261 AH to 389 AH.

e) Then, the establishment of the Ghaznawi State lasting between 366 AH to 387 AH (976-997 AD), which opened the great nation of India and spread Islam and produced one of the greatest kings ,Mahmoud Saboktekin, of the Ghaznawis, ( May Allah have mercy on him). These phases were characterized by the creation of a great civilization and progress in the fields of literature and writing, science, architecture, commerce, law and public administration.

f) Then emerged the Seljuk Turks, who ruled Khurasan and extended their sway to the north of Iraq and the Levant and reached their peak during the reign of Sultan Alp Arslan and his son Malik Shah.

g) Then emerged the state of Al Khawarzem which extended its authority over Transoxiana, northern Afghanistan and Khorasan and was based in Jarjaan on the banks of the Jihoun river. Then they were attacked by the Tartar, causing widespread destruction, ending in total defeat for Khwarzem in 618 AH (1221 AD).

The kings of Khwarzim have contributed to the propagation of Islam in Turkistan, in the east and the north, in and the Russian territory of the Volga Basin, which led to the important entry of the tribes of Tartar, The Turks and the Beltar in Islam.

Tartar invasion of Turkistan, Central Asia and the spread of Islam, including:

• The Tatars rushed from Mongolia. This was followed in 601 AH / 1203 AD by the ascension of Timohen, who was only 13 years old, but in spite of that, he rapidly took control of the Mongolian tribes and assumed the title of 'Genghis Khan' and the foundations of a strong army. They went east, took most of China and then entered Beijing. They then went westward.

• They went across the river and then rapidly entering Transoxiana like water flowing over the earth, demolishing, burning, killing and destroying one town after another.

• The grandson of Genghis Khan, ‘Batu Khan’ raided Eastern Europe and then his successor ‘Hulagu’ descended towards the Islamic world and entered Baghdad in 656 AH / 1258 AD. Therein they slaughtered the last Caliph of the Abbasids, Al Musta'sim.

• After the surrender of the Ameer of Sham, The Tatars conquered Aleppo and Damascus and planned to move towards Egypt. The remnants of the army of Sham went to Mamluke Egypt under Saif Ud Deen Qutuz. The Tartars were then defeated in the northern Palestine region which is in the Southern portion of Sham in the battle of Ayn Jaloot in 1260 AD.

• The Mongol king at the time in Turkestan and Central Asia, was 'Baraka Khan bin Joji,' who was the first Mongol ruler to proclaim Islam. He ruled between 654 AH - 665 AH, spread Islam in the Golden Horde and pacified the high country in Transoxiana, from which begun the attempts of Hulagu to forge an alliance with the Eastern Christians.

• And at the hands of the Tatar Muslims, countries such as Crimea, Bashkeer and Western Siberia entered the fold of Islam bit by bit. The City of Siber became a part of the Turkish Muslim State of 'Saber' and its capital in the 7th century Hijri.

About half of Mongolia converted to Islam and ruled Central Asia to Moscow. These areas were under the rule of Muslims from the city of Kazan, which they built soon and thus ruled from the country known as the Soviet Union under Islam. The rule of Tamurlink/Tamurlane was from Poland to the capital, Samarkand.

• Tamurlane's sons ruled Central Asia for about a hundred years when fratricidal wars between the sons weakened the state.

• The Shaybanid dynasty emerged after them and rule between 906 AH-1006 AH with their capital as Bukhara.

• Then emerged the Astrakhan Khanate that ruled between 1006 AH -1099 AH and were on hand to wage war with the Safavid Shiites in Iran.

• Then rulership was divided and vulnerable in the region between several dynasties/khanates up to the early 14th century AH where they were ripe for the picking during the czarist Russian invasion.

Part III : Chronology of The Russian Invasion of Islamic States in Central Asia

• The Pagan Russian nation entered Christianity in 378 AH/988 AD.

• After victory at Constantinople by the Ottomans in 857 AH/1452 AD, The Byzantine Priests fled to Russia. Now the Russians were representatives of the Eastern Church and the brigades of cross-worshippers in Asia.

• Ivan III came to power in 885 AH /1480 AD, waging wars against the Muslim Tatars and banishing them from Moscow.

• His successor (Ivan the Terrible), swept through the land of the Tatar Muslims and seized the Volga Basin and gave the Tatars the choice of becoming Christian or immigration.

• Ivan imposed Christianity on the country of Bashkeer. Muslim people concealed their Deen for 300 years and only started openly declaring their faith in 1905, during the Tsarist era, which gave religious freedoms.

• Ivan snatched Siberia from the Muslims in 988 AH / 1580 AD. Then came the conquest of the Caucasus, (which was affiliated with the Ottomans), which was a result of Ivan benefiting from the Ottoman dispute with the Shiites in Safavid Iran.

• The Ottomans recognized the Shah of Iran (Nadir Shah) – The Russians had control over the Caucasus's in 1813. The People of the Caucus's/Chechnya and Dagestan declared a jihad against the Russians which lasted between 1722 – 1859 AD. The war lasted 137 years until the Russians subdued the Caucasus/Chechnya. Then the Russians moved towards Central Asia after they saw the difficulty of trying to expand territorially in Europe. Tsar Alexander the Second decided in 1273 AH / 1856 AD that Central Asia was spacious for expansion, Russian Tsarist forces headed to Central Asia 1276 AH/1859 AD.

• Russians occupied Tashkent 1282 AH / 1865 AD, with other cities falling in succession along with the Khanate (The Small Emirates).

• Samarkand fell in 1868. Then Bukhara in 1873. Then Khwarzem in 1874. Russians faced stiff resistance in Khokand and leveled the city, resulting in a terrible massacre in 1876, and then the city fell along with the land of the Turkomen after fierce resistance from 1873 to 1874. The Russians completed the conquest of Turkistan in 1900 and became the center for the management of the Russian military following the implementation of the Iron Curtain policy and tried to evangelize Muslims.

• With the arrival of the Russians, the Muslims were defeated rapidly, despite brave resistance by many factions. The most important reasons for this rapid fall was the nationalist conflict and ethnic divisions. In addition to this, backwardness and a low level of education and armed preparedness added to the quick demise. Furthermore, the weakness in Ottoman Istanbul stopped them from coming to the rescue of the Muslims.

• The Russian Tsars implemented a policy of oppression and backwardness, which led to ignorance in the country, which facilitated the [Russian] occupation [of Muslim lands].

• Chaos sparked across Tsarist Russia for a quarter of a century (1905 - 1928) and political rebellion movements expanded, which resulted in the Bolshevik revolution after the defeat by Japan and the collapse of Russian prestige in 1904 as a result of administrative corruption and economic mismanagement in the provinces.

• The Bolshevik revolution started the communist movement in the city of Petrograd in March 1917. Lenin returned from Switzerland for the hand-over of power and called out to minorities in the Soviet Union by promising to fight inequality of races and religious discrimination. These false promises proved attractive Muslims especially. Significantly so many Muslims joined the revolutionary Bolsheviks in an attempt to retaliate against the tyranny of the Tsar.

• Despite signs of betrayal by Bolshevik Russia, Muslims were riddled by fragmentation and disintegration amongst them and many men of the Deen stood behind the Bolsheviks and the Russian authorities and dragged with them, many Muslims.

• Lenin continued the policy of deception and made appeals to reconciliation and collaboration with Muslims and the revelation of documents and statements spurred the Ottomans and the Iranians against Tsar. Lenin also proposed policies that were favorable to Muslims such as the turning over to Muslim authority of numerous Awqaf [charitable Islamic endowments] and Islamic artifacts to Muslim religious bodies.

• However, it was not as Lenin had fantasized in regards to the Muslims. Muslim rallied their forces and mounted a fierce resistance especially in Turkistan, Uzbekistan and Fergana Valley.

• The Islamic uprising was at its most powerful in the Urals and Siberia and defeated the Red Army. The uprising led to control of the Fergana Valley by Muslims and making that the heart of the resistance. They also tried to get help from the Ottomans and continued resistance from 1918 - 1928.

• After the collapse of the insurgency and infighting amongst many of the Turkistani and Uzbek Muslims, many of whom joined the communist party and socialist associations. Many Muslim clerics tried to reconcile between Communism and Islam and Islam and Marxism. This dilemma [of Muslim unrest] could not be solved even with the enactment of a policy of liquidation of Muslims in the era of Lenin. Even Stalin died without ever being victorious victory over the Muslims

• Stalin, who succeeded Lenin, continued his policy of oppression, which became, especially after the Second World War and the targeting of Muslims languishing under occupation by the Soviet Union, a great scourge. There were many Muslim religious leaders solidly with the Soviet Union and Moscow while Stalin fought against the Germans in the Second War.

• Stalin was able to deceive many Islamic religious leaders, the hypocrites from the highest fatwa issuing authorities. After the war, Stalin launched a genocide against the Muslims in the Caucasus's and Central Asia, with the victims being more than 20 million Muslims. This policy continued several times in the Kruschev and Brezhnev era until the disintegration of the Soviet Union and, With the Grace of Allah, (SWT), the Afghan Jihad and the creation of the Islamic nation of Afghanistan.

• Gorbachev came to power and implemented Perestroika. With this came the disintegration of The Soviet Union, Communism and the nominally independent Central Asian republics. The Russians guarded their frontiers with the extensive military presence especially on the borders, specifically in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

• The Russians then set up, under the supervision of the Americans, The Association of Central Asian States, [Commonwealth of Independent States, or CIS], to resist the creeping advance of Islam from Afghanistan.

• On the Caucasian front, the Russians tasted a bitter defeat at the hands of Chechnya between 1994 and 1997. This was followed by the independence of Chechnya. All signs pointed to an Islamic revolution in Dagestan. The other states of the Caucasus's were to meet with this igniting fire [Islamic Uprising], with these embers also being present in Transoxiana and Central Asia.

Section IV : The Reality of the Central Asian Republics and Muslims after the Breakup of the Soviet Union

The demise of the Soviet Union led to its breakup into fifteen major federal republics and the number of inhabitants of various communities numbered around 286 million people, filling an area of 22 million square kilometers. The proportion of the Muslim population numbered some 75 million people. Those familiar with the proportion of Muslims in those republics were surprised by the discovery, that more than half of this area consisted of republics that had preexisted as Islamic in origin, and most of the capitals and major cities were Islamic since a hundred years ago, and in some cases, more than a thousand years, and, Glory be to Allah, perhaps the official statistics of the following highlights will shed light on the political and military significance of this area in the long-term. The Former Republic of Soviet Union's individual states, according to their proportion of Muslims is as follows:

First : The Federal Republic of Russia:

a) Capital: Moscow

b) Area: It covers about 10 million km2.

c) Population: About 143 million people

d) Proportion of Muslims: ranging between 10-25% of the population.

In addition, The Federal Republic of Russia consists of several republics located in the Volga basin, namely:

i) Republic of Bashkiria:

a) Capital: Ufa

b) Population: 4.5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 56%

ii) Tatarstan

a) Capital: Kazan

b) Population: 4.5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 50%

iii) Mordovia

a) Capital: Saransk

b) Population: 1.15 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 55%

iv) Mari El

a) Capital: Yoshcara I

b) Population: 1.15 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 52%

v) Orenburg

a) Capital: Orenburg

b) Population: 250 thousand people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 50%

vi) Udmurtia

a) Capital: Izhevsk

b) Population: 1.85 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 52%

In addition, the Russian Federal Republic has five autonomous republics of the north Caucasus, namely:

• Dagestan:

1. Capital: Makhachkala

2. Population: 2.35 million people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 60%

• Kabardino-Balkaria:

1. Capital: Nalchik

2. Population: 760 thousand people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 55%

• Karachay-Cherkessia:

1. Capital: Cherkessk

2. Population: 450 thousand people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 60%

• Northern Ossetia:

1. Capital: Vladikavkaz

2. Population: about 1 million people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 55%

• Chechnya Ingushetia:

1. Capital: Grozny

2. Population: about 1.73 million people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 66%

• The Republic of Adygea:

1. Capital: Maykop

2. Population: about 540 thousand people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 50%

• The Republic of Siberia:

1. Capital: Omsk

2. Population: about 25 million people

3. Proportion of Muslims: 25%

Back to the Republics of the Russian Federation itself, we then proceed to:

Second: Republic of Belarus:

a) Capital: Minsk

b) Population: 1 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: unknown

Third: The Republic of Ukraine:

a) Capital: Kiev

b) Population: 51 million people (including some seven million people in the mandate of Crimea)

c) Proportion of Muslims: 71%

Fourth: The Republic of Latvia:

a) Capital: Melnos

b) Population: 2.5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: unknown

Five: Republic of Estonia:

a) Capital: Nazlin

b) Population: 1.15 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: unknown

Sixth: Republic of Moldavia:

a) Capital: Kashinov

b) Population: 4 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 5%

Seventh: Republic of Lithuania:

a) Capital: Riga

b) Population: 3.5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 18,000 Muslims

Eighth: Republic of Armenia:

a) Capital: Barevan

b) Population: 3.3 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 17%

Followed by the Republic of Nakhjivan

a) Capital: Najwan

b) Population: 300 thousand people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 95%

Ninth: Republic of Georgia:

a) Capital: Tbilisi

b) Population: 3.5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 19%

And within the republic of Georgia:

Republic of Abkhazia:

a) Capital: Sokom

b) Population: 750 thousand people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 19%

Republic of Ajaria:

a) Capital: Batumi

b) Population: 450 thousand people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 40%

Tenth.: Republic of Azerbaijan:

a) Capital: Baku

b) Population: 7.27 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 82% (mostly Shia's)

Then follow the Islamic republics of Central Asia, namely:

Eleven: Republic of Uzbekistan:

a) Capital: Tashkent

b) Area: 447,400 KM2

c) Population: 25 million people

d) Proportion of Muslims: 88%

Twelve: Republic of Tajikistan:

a) Capital: Dushanbe

b) Population: 5.5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 80%

Thirteen: Kyrgyz Republic:

a) Capital: Bishkek

b) Population: 5 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 73%

Fourteen: Republic of Turkmenistan:

a) Capital: Ashgabat

b) Population: 4 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 86%

Fifteen: Republic of Kazakhstan:

a) Capital: Almaty

b) Population: 17 million people

c) Proportion of Muslims: 52%

Fourteen independent republics of the Soviet Union, chose not to stay within Russia. There are a number of republics within the CIS calling for independence or secession. Thus, in terms of statistics and figures, the proportion of Muslims in these republics, (a considerable proportion at that), makes them very excellent ground for Jihad to lift the occupation of the Russian Crusaders. In spite of the long period of occupation over the people of these lands, great signs of the Jihad and Dawah Movements are in it. This area contains lands that have such vast resources of wealth and spoils waiting to be harvested that no one can ascertain it, except Allah (SWT). As to the situation of the five Central Asian republics, the countries in question are five: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Collectively these lands collectively are called Western Turkistan. The total area of these lands is 4.106 million km2. The heart of the region where the important Islamic capitals are located, along with large Muslim populations, is Uzbekistan.

Kyrgyzstan: covers 200,000 km2. The Kirgiz ethnic group, mainly of Turkish origin, accounted for 43.8% of the population, with the proportion of Russians and Uzbeks, at 29.2% and 10.6% respectively. 4.1% were Ukrainian and 2.4% were Tatar. Due to many factors, the economy is based primarily on agriculture and livestock. The countries industrial capacity evolved in the Russian era. There is also a wealth of oil, gas, coal, lead and mercury.

Kazakhstan: 2,500,000 km2 in size. In terms of ethnic groups it contains, 43.2 % Russians and 32.2% and 7.2% Kazhak and Ukrainian respectively. It also contains 2.2% Tatars. In terms of Islam, declared Muslims in the state are tallied at 52%. It is a fertile agricultural country, where water is abundant. During the period of industrial growth, the territory was home to many nuclear reactors and Russian space station communication stations along with numerous satellite launches and long-range missiles.

Tajikistan: In size, it is 143,000 km2 and has a population of about five million people, of which 86% of the population is Muslim, as stated before. Tajiks of Persian ancestry (a mixture of Turks and Iranians) are 56.2% of the population, 12% are Russians, Tatars 2.4%, and mostly in the south-east in the Pamir Plateau a portion of Kirgiz and Uzbeks are found. In Tajikistan, the highest meteorological station in the world is located in the Pamir Mountains at 7400 Metres height. The Islamic movement was active and threatened to overthrow the communist government after independence from Russia, but the government and the Russians appealed to politics/negotiations with the government because of the betrayal of Massoud and Rabbani in Afghanistan. Tajikistan's economy consists agriculturally of cotton, fruits and sugar cane. Additionally, the natural wealth of gold and precious stones is also presents. In addition, Uranium enrichment plants which are used to enrich radioactive materials at its initial stages are also present here. A Russian nuclear plant in the Pamir Mountains is still there.

Turkmenistan: Ashgabat is the capital, with an area of about 500,000 km2 with a population of about four million people. The 86% of the population of Muslims, are mostly Turkic as well. The composition of the population consisted of Turkmen, Uzbek and Persians among other nationalities in the region. Significant economic assets include the existence of reserves of oil and gas, (which are now dominated by an American Monopoly). The government also struggled to stop the spread of the Islamic awakening within its borders. It is a member of the CIS, administered under the supervision of the Russians with agreement of the Americans.

Finally, Uzbekistan: With an area of 447,400 km2, Uzbekistan's mains cities are Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent and Khwarzem. It has a population of about 25 million, mostly Sunni Muslim (88%), while Uzbeks of the Turkish race make up about 70% of the population, 10% Russians, and the remainder are a mix of Tajiks, Kazans, Kyrgyz and Uigurs. The Uzbeks speak a form of the Turkish language similar to the old Ottoman language. In total there are up to 130 nationalities that are minorities in Uzbekistan. In the Northwest on the banks of the Sea of Khwarzem (Aral sea) with coastal area on either side. The central region has many mountains along with an abundance of rain and water.

The largest city and capital of Uzbekistan is Tashkent, which is inhabited by 2.5 million people. It also happens to be an agricultural country. It has developed heavy industries, which drove the Soviet Union, such as textiles, agricultural machinery, mining, drilling machines for mines, canning and car assembly. In terms of agriculture, there is much cotton, rice and fruit. The literacy rate in Uzbekistan is about 99.7%, which is the highest in Central Asia. After independence from the Russians, there was a slow shift towards democracy in Uzbekistan, while at the same time, preventing the formation of Islamist parties. The influence and economic occupation of the Americans occupation replaced Russia to a high degree. 130,000 indigenous Jews live in Uzbekistan, of which 40 thousand live in Termez on the border with Afghanistan.

The Uzbek’s have maintained adherence to the Muslim faith and their country, particularly in the Ferghana Valley stronghold, in the face of the Russian Tsars and then the Bolsheviks. They have spread out all over Uzbekistan, secretly behind closed doors, to teach Islam to the Uzbeks and many students from other countries in Central Asia.

In Uzbekistan, there are signs of a nascent jihadi movement. Its relationship with Tajikistan was perhaps the basis for starting the jihadi movement to a promising level in Central Asia, Allah Willing. In Uzbekistan, the regions most important resources are gold mines, oil and gas near the Caspian Sea, and now, most of this wealth is now under the control of American Jewish investors. In addition, Uzbekistan also has huge stock of military surplus from the Soviet era.

* Summary: The Status of the Muslims in Central Asia after the End of Russian Control.

1- Continuing security and military relations with the Russian army and security forces, especially on the border with Afghanistan,

2- Five states joined under the Russian-American alliance in NATO from the Central Asian States. The military and security forces of NATO were used to fight the tide of Jihad and Islam coming from Afghanistan.

3- This resulted in the occupation and influence of Jewish American and Western interests over the area. Consequently, this led to economic control and the creation of cultural movements to convert the states that were found in the former Communist Russian spheres of influence into western democracies under America’s sphere of influence.

4- The old cadres of the Communist party and its personalities looked to America for work/patronage and thus repackaged themselves using the new names of nationalism and democracy.

5- The policy of hostility to Islam continued and was continued by apostates and Muslim communists in the country after they were entrusted the task of running the country as neo-colonialists on behalf of the Russian crusaders. Thus, these governments waged open war on the movements, Dawah activities, different Islamic schools, the role of Quranic memorization and on the internal cohesiveness between these institutions. They paid particular attention to any movement which had a Jihadi manifestations and chased them throughout the lands of this Muslim nation under the pretext of the fight against terrorism..

6- In Tajikistan, the confrontation reached the point of armed conflict with the Islamists and the government was able to tame the Islamic movement, which is the essentially the Islamic revival movement. However, some of the Jihadist oriented movements continue to control parts of the region and parts of Tajikistan.

7- In Uzbekistan with the birth of Jihadi movements, there was a plan to kill the head of state and the military operations of some of the Jihadist, led to a wave of arrests followed by a court case where unfair verdicts of death were passed down to six Mujahideen and dozens of others were sentenced. This confrontation demonstrated the support and regional cooperation of security forces in the confrontation at the level of five states and American supervision. These forces detained several of those accused from various States and handed them over to the government of Uzbekistan immediately through real fear and direct cooperation between the countries of the region, Russia and the Americans and the international system. This system been used to counter attack the threat of Muslims waging Jihad in Central Asia after achieving a clear victory in Afghanistan which led to a real foundation of an Islamic State and hopefully a renaissance of Muslim outlook, Allah Willing.

Section V : The Importance of Jihad in Central Asia and Reasons For Its Priority

A researcher on the subject of Jihad and its importance in this area, stretching from the borders of China and Pakistan, to Afghanistan, Asia and the Caucasus's, would see an abundance of evidence, political reasons, military strategy, prophecies and direct evidence contained in the years of Prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad, صلى الله عليه وسلم , which is aided by prophecies contained in the works of the People of the Book also. This gives Jihad importance in this region, but also priority over all other arenas of Jihad at present, and Allah knows best, and it is possible to highlight this in several important points:

1- The glad tidings from the Prophet’s ahadith, صلى الله عليه وسلم , that are never changing, and prophecies of the People of the Book concur in the gathering of the best people of Islam and companions of the flag of truth, whom will gather and cultivate strength in Khorasan and around that area. The ahadith state that the forces of Imam Mahdi will save the people of Islam, and will fill the earth with equity, and justice wherein it was filled with inequity and the forces of tyranny. The forces of Imam Mahdi will be victorious in Khorasan and will then get help from Yemen, Iraq, Syria. Then the center of Imam Mahdi’s kingship will be transferred to Damascus, which will be made to be as Fustat was.9 Of course, the ahadith about the people of the black flag which will bring victory to the people of Islam in the end times are best known

2- This is a fundamental clash between Islam and the powerful alliance of Jews and the crusaders or the so-called new world order. This theatre [Central Asia] is the weakest point of the enemy now, vis-à-vis the weakness of the people of Islam and Mujahideen elsewhere, especially in the Arab world.

3- With high population density, the geographical spread of Muslims is spread far and wide in the Central Asian region, where the arena starts from Bangladesh to north India, Kashmir, Afghanistan, Pakistan, along the Central Asian nations of Turkistan leading to the Caucasus and the Aral Sea area. This swathe of territory occupies enormous area (about eight million km2), with a combined population of up to 500 million people, and this area possesses people with a strong connection to Islam.

4- Inheritance of military equipment such as installations and ammunition from the Soviet Union and the accumulated military wealth in this region is so much so that Muslims had never dreamed of something like it in any other place in the lands of Islam. These ‘spoils’ are waiting for someone to take them from this collapsed country which was part of the defunct Soviet Union. Seizing upon this phase, Jihad based in this country will provide the necessary elements to do Jihadi resistance till the appointed hour and Allah knows best. There is also a stockpile of various kinds of individual arms and heavy weapons, but also strategic weapons as well. In addition, the amount of stock and inheritance of factories, labs and resources is endless.

5- The region has enormous economic resources by all standards, and enough resources to solve the problem of Jihad, in the needs of Muslims and Mujahideen, and the costs of starting the jihad, while most other regions live in a state of poverty and subsistence, especially Islamic Jihad movements who are living under constant threat [from the governments].

6- The regions natural geography form a strategic natural fortification against the militaries of the world, The Pamir mountain range is called the 'roof of the world' and stretches from the Hindu Kush Mountains, northern Afghanistan, Tajikistan, central Asia to the Aral Sea. It forms impregnable fortifications that defy siege and control. There are also provisions of water and food which give it the element of stability and make it a good base to deploy from and return to afterwards.

7- The adherence of Muslims in the customary and tribal regulations, the relative homogeneity of the regions prevailing Madhab, convergent jurisprudential opinions, and a people of tenacious military nature and a depth of the jihadi spirit in the people. Additionally, stockpiles of weapons and the spirit of compliance with the leaders. The absence of immorality in most people of the area, overall poverty in the population and other factors and specifications make this populace suitable for jihad at this time when most Muslim populaces lacked these suitable aspects except for a few other areas of the world such as Yemen and North West Africa. This indicates that the Islamic groups on the whole should stand side by side in this current stage alongside the Jihadi movements in the region to fight in it, then depart for the Middle East, just as indicated by events reported as given before [in the ahadith] of the conditions in the rest of the world which are leading us to the conclusions promised by the evidences [from the ahadith].

8- The history of jihad and military intervention in Afghanistan and some areas of Central Asia is vast and spans from the days of Alexander the Macedonian, the Persians, British rule, Russian occupation till present day, and the arrival of Taliban rule in Afghanistan by Sharia, bringing security to the land and firmly planting the spirit of jihad. Afghanistan has an abundance of agricultural resources and water. There are large caches of weapons, expertise, experience and the jihadist presence of the portions of the Jihadi cadres from all over the world organized and provided a solid base for operations in the only Dar Al Islam today. All of this provides a base to build off of, and provide support for these jihadist movements, which have bore fruits and to harvest these fruits, Muslims need to remove some obstacles. The most important thing is to liquidate any pockets of internal resistance, and securing the area up to the River Jihoun, strengthening the internal security and any access points/borders, in preparation for the big breakthrough, Allah willing.

9- As we stated in previous research, this global system for the new Jewish crusade must face the tide of global Islamic resistance to fight the problem in our countries and everywhere in all its forms. This wave also must play an important role in:

a- Oil producing countries, Al Sham, Arabian Peninsula and its environs and the Middle East.

b- Arab countries in general.

c- In the lands of Islam, especially where the strategic interests of Jews and the West are.

d- In targets in the third world.

e- At their doorsteps, especially the capitals of the enemy (America, Britain, France, NATO nations, Russia)

(Note: for further details, look up the research titled "Jihad is the solution: What? And How?).

We must remember that this wave of resistance must be based in certain areas and the most important of these areas after strengthening and consolidation would be

a) Central Asia

b) Yemen

c) North Africa

And, Allah Knows best.

A strong Afghanistan and Central Asia, is where the spread of jihad is the primary and most important of these principles. Our enemy today knows about this area and therefore has sought to strike and remove us from here. We must strive to stabilize and defend ourselves and establish more places of the like in Yemen, North Africa and the Maghreb. Till now this has so far proved possible and our duty is to unify Jihad and avoid mistakes that block the road to this.

10– There now is a difference in the weaponry and preparation, and the numbers and for the first time in Muslim history and, in fact, even in human history, it is impossible to compare between the Muslim and their enemies, and the strong and the oppressed among mankind all over the world. Military logic declares the near impossibility of waging ‘classical’ wars to restore this balance and, only Allah Knows best, except if we spread the feeling and implementation of the ‘peoples resistance’ in Muslims on the one hand. On the other hand, the forces of Islamic awakening should gather in the areas of Central Asia and the like that possess strategic weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, biological and bacterial) just as the global aggressor (such as the Jews and the West), owns them. This will be used to threaten and deter the enemy, as they do. In the regions of Central Asia, the development of industries and the availability of raw materials for such weapons makes it a reality for the Muslims to make these weapons and a base [to operate from]. This is no secret to the enemy, and they have written numerous articles, which warned [others] to work to prevent Muslims from progress in the area of resistance. They follow international laws except when applying them to these regions [Muslim central Asia]. This strategic ability to break or obey international law is, of course, in their hands and Allah knows best.

11- The disastrous management policies and practices of Saudi Arabia in the Central Asian region, and many of the failed practices of some preachers and Arab mujahideen under the faulty understanding, or application of that understanding which they wrongly labeled as Salafism. This was not linked to the creed or methodology of the Salaf/pious predecessors in any way. This not only endowed legitimacy to the client governments in the Muslim world which only serves the schemes of the West and our enemies (We believe in the creed of the Salaf Al Salih/pious predecessors and that they are the best generation, immune from these perverse ideas from this fake trend). Such wrong practices under these fake Salafis are a barrier for beginning of the Jihad and the contribution of the Ummah of Islam and the Arabs in particular. The enemy realized this weakness and fake media organs, especially the BBC, made those ideas beautiful and lit the spark to start the fire for disagreement between Muslims of the people of Central Asia themselves and between them and their brothers, especially Arabs, under the pretext of disagreement between the doctrines and beliefs of ‘Wahhabism.’ They applied this tag [of Wahabbis] to all Arab Mujahideen, and unfortunately, many of the ignorant practices of many Arab Mujahideen themselves only invite such attempts at division, which Sheikh Abdullah Azzam, (May Allah SWT accept him as Shaheed), tried solving by his sayings and example. However, in spite of that, [shortcomings of the Arab Mujahideen] - especially in Central Asia-the respect for Arabs, love for them and love of the Mujahideen from outside the region, still exists and this gives the opportunity for the rest of the Arab Mujahideen and Muslims from outside the region to play a very critical, important and historic role.

12- If we look through the history of the region, we would find strong Islamic states that were based on the basis of various cultures and tribes in the region, which are over a hundred ethnic nationalities which have united under the name of Islam and banners of Jihad fee SabilAllah. Moreover, nothing destroyed them or disunited the Muslims except for the Jahiliyya concepts [concepts from pre-Islamic times/times of ignorance] of ethnic allegiance and tribalism. And this resulted in the weakening and downfall of some the Muslims at the hands of Tsarist Russia, which were then re-taken along with the remaining lands by the atheist Russian Bolsheviks.

So its is compulsory on Preachers of Islam and Mujahideen to give this matter more careful attention to fill any gaps against men and Jinn to stop them from destroying the hopes of Islam and Jihad in this dangerous area. They should unite the struggle and pool together Arabs and non-Arabs regardless of any slogan but the motto of this nation لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله , or There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger.” The Almighty also Stated:

“عاف ”وأن هذه أمتكم أمة واحدة وأنا ربكم بدون

“Verily, this brotherhood of yours is a single brotherhood, and I am your Lord and Cherisher: therefore serve Me (and no other)”10

The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم ) Said [as it applies to ethnic allegiances and nationalism]:

“ةنتنم اهنإف ”دعوها

“Leave it, it is stinking.”

The hopes of the people of Islam in the region and beyond today are for the Flag of Jihad [to rise] in this place.

Section VI: The Relationship of The Jihad in Afghanistan and Jihad in Central Asia And, Generally the Jihad Between Muslims and the New World Order.

As shown in detail in the expansive research paper, 'Jihad is the solution: why? And How?' I have outlined the context, and given the importance of the issue we are facing and this serves as the Conclusion of my previous research. Indeed I am saying this seeking Allah SWT’s help:

The caliphate system fell officially in 1924, 75 years ago, and since then, the dedicated people, along with the generations that followed of this great religion of Islam, are attempting an Islamic awakening, the return of the Rule of Allah and raising high the banner of His Sharia. Seventy-five years ago, a tremendous Islamic awakening began, through Dawah and various Islamic Schools to bring Muslims back to their Deen and attempt to remove various types of weaknesses within such as racism, backwardness, injustice and poverty, humiliation, loss, (which was inherited due to the absence of both the shade of Allah’s Shariah and the rulership of Muslims), and the exploitation of their weaknesses which led to the decline of Muslim nations. I have witnessed over the last 40 years, since the early 1960s, a remarkable awakening , the launching of armed Jihad in many parts of the Islamic world, and have met Mujahideen Fee Sabillallah in the arenas of Jihad from all places, including not only the Arab lands of Al Sham to Egypt, North Africa and Yemen to the Arabian Peninsula, but also various places such as Afghanistan and Bosnia, Chechnya, Eritrea and Somalia, the Philippines, Burma, India and Kashmir and all other places tormented by Jews, Crusaders, apostates and their hypocrite allies. Over forty years of confrontations have resulted in these confrontations, (which are due to the many 'ailments' of the Muslims generally and their Scholars), which have now intensified over the past ten years. The Crusader West and the Jews felt the beginnings and the dangers of the real jihadi awakening. With the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, they got to know the seriousness and the aims of the Jihadis, and unleashed a new crusader campaign through what they termed The ‘New World Order.’ Over the last ten years since the beginning of the nineties till today, with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of soldiers from the armies of Jews and Christians in the heart of the Arabian Peninsula and Al Sham. They began their campaign by acquiring military bases and surrounded Muslims by land, sea and air, and commenced the so-called 'New World Order,' to combat terrorism.

The Islamist movements and the arena of jihad suffered most, incurring large and serious setbacks. Most of the leaders and Scholars of the jihadi awakening were imprisoned or killed. The remaining leaders, intellectuals and cadres were chased from place to place in the world. Then started a global campaign of extraditions and kidnappings, affecting the youth of the jihadi movements and their supporters everywhere. These attacks which are called the so-called draining of resources of those oppressed in the land, turning them into the people of destitution and need. Application of this tactic, achieved the elimination of safe havens for terrorists, as they are called. After implementing of this tactic, it insured the remainder of the rest of the shelters and strongholds in certain countries diminished, one country after another in the land of the apostate client rulers of Muslim lands, whose fangs were now showing and their dark hearts uncovered. For the believers, any land was too little [due to constant harassment and combat with authorities] ...and the falsehood of the grandsons of apes and pigs from the Jews became supreme as they initiated negotiations, expanded their occupation and intensified their resolve to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the first Qibla [direction of prayer] and the third holiest place [of Islam]. The hireling apostate rulers one after the other, revealed their employment to the Jews in their quest to satisfy them. What continues are the waves of problems and darkness which is rushing to destroy the groups of the believers.

In these dark circumstances, shone a ray of hope and signs of the dawn of a bright Islamic nation, and the signs of the return of Dar Al Islam and banner of the Sharia atop Afghanistan, and a lot of Muslim and many of these oppressed people of the land rushed together in massive numbers towards the peaks of noble Khorasan. The Taliban achieved many expectations as stated in my previous research paper, 'Afghanistan and the Taliban and the Battle of Islam today,' and showed some signs of hope for jihad in Central Asia in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Eastern Turkistan and certain other territories.

In addition, all the prophecies and signs indicate the imminent gathering of the people of the Truth and Jihad in this land, and hence, its importance. From the Muslim perspective, they must take this issue seriously and hope they take into account the importance of this research, which draws consideration and attention to this issue.

Unfortunately, most Muslims are still ignorant and make little importance of attaining this aim, and unfortunately, what emphasizes this further is that many of the Mujahideen are also ignorant in this arena. While the enemy knows the minutest of details on the importance and dangerousness of this topic and develop plans to meet future possibilities in our thinking, which were not apparent, even for many of us.

The importance of jihad in Afghanistan and Central Asia stem from the perspective of the Shariah and strategy which encompasses both the political and military aspects of the issue. Some of these points have already been stated and many of them add to aforementioned:

• The possibility and the need to generate the nucleus of armed jihad and the expertise to strengthen this Dar Al Islam and territorially expand, by using it as a springboard. But either way, and more importantly, step by step and targeting the easiest objectives first.

• The Prophecies and signs of the Shariah, political realities and military developments point to the need for a group of persistent and motivated companions to call for Jihad, and Hijra for the development of the first bases to be used as springboard for the black banners of relief, conquest, the victory of the Mahdi who will fill this world, filled with much inequity and injustice, with justice and fairness.

• In this Dar there is abated breath and anticipation of promises and prophecies.

• In this Dar there is Ribat, completing the wait for the end of time and the Final Conflict of truth and falsehood.

• In this Dar, Hijra is made away from the corrupt people of the world and its unjust, disbelieving laws, that govern the ends of the New World Order of the Jews, Crusaders, Apostates and Hypocrites.

• In this Dar there is jihad, fighting, anticipation of martyrdom in the Path of Allah and experiencing the pleasures of Paradise... The Prophet, ملسصلى الله عليه و , said:

”من قاتل في سبيل الله فواق ناقة وجبت له الجنة “

"Whoever fights in the way of Allah for as long as it takes a camel to recover from one milking to the next, surely Jannah is obligatory for him"

To the brothers of Hijrah and Jihad: Enough of dispersing, and being lost, and wandering all over the land, for these arenas promise good news to come.

Allah The Almighty says:

“ولتاقي ”إن الله يحب الذين ن في سبيله صفاً آأنهم بينان مرصوص

‘Verily, Allah loves those who fight in His Cause in rows (ranks), as if they were a solid structure.’11

Geographic Profile of East Turkestan:

Location and Ethnic Divisions:

Turkistan (Land of the Turks) is situated in Central Asia, bordered by Eastern China and Mongolia, and to the west the Caspian and Ural River, and to its south Tibet, Kashmir, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, North Mongolia and Siberia. There was a joint occupation where all powers were shared by both the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, under the Treaty of Nerchinsk in August 1689. The treaty ended due to the Treaty of St. Petersburg in February 1981.

The western parts were occupied by the Soviet Union and are known as Western Turkistan. The eastern part were occupied by the People's Republic of China known as Eastern Turkistan and an area of 1,750,734 KM2 and is thus about twice the size of Egypt, and also twice the size of Pakistan. East Turkestan is a land where distance to the nearest sea is around 1900 Km. It is also considered semi-desert in general, and shares borders with three mountain ranges and basins as follows:

Mountain Ranges:

1. Mountain of Gold (Altaytag) and is known to be where gold mines are in abundance.

2. Celestial Mountains (Tengritagh) has a height of 2500 km.

3. Karakarom Mountains.

Basins:

4. Tarim Basin in the Oval Figure south of the country, where the Tarim River is.

5. Junggar Basin, located in the north of the country.

East Turkestan Economic Wealth:

East Turkestan is one of the richest Islamic countries due to the abundance of minerals in its territory, which constitutes the economic backbone of China. It also contains oil and other important minerals. East Turkistan has an estimated oil reserve seen as the second largest reserve in the world after the Middle East, and an annual production of five million tons. Iron ore is mined in large quantities with a production of about 250 million tons annually, while there are also over 56 gold mines. As for the stock of depleted uranium stored, it is pegged at 12 trillion tons, and production amounts of rock salt are at 450 thousand tons annually, with enough reserves for the world's supply for a 1000 years.

Agriculture: Eastern Turkistan is famous for many types of fruits and grains from which they produce oils, such as sesame, sun flower, rice. Wheat is the most important agricultural crop in the country, and the cotton crop is important economically as well. It is also famous for its large livestock of sheep, cattle, horses and camels.

Islam in East Turkestan:

The first conquest of East Turkistan was at the hands of the mujahid commander, Qutaybah bin Muslim, entering into the city of Kashger in the Umayyad era, during the Khilfat of Walid bin Abdul Malik in 96 AH/715 CE.

At the end of the caliphate of the Ummayads and the beginning of the era of the first Abbasid caliphate in the third century Hijri, the Khakan Sultan, "Satok Bograkhan," (he was also known as Abdul Karim), adopted Islam along with his people and the senior men of the state, and since that day the area has officially embraced Islam as the Deen of the state. Turkistan remained an independent Islamic State for about nine centuries, and since then all the people of the state have been Muslims.

Chinese Occupation of East Turkestan:

In the 18th century AD it became apparent that many parts of the Islamic world were seen as prey to be colonized by the Europeans and Asians. In Asia, the colonizers, Russian and China, agreed to divide the land of the Muslims of Turkish through several treaties. The fall of the region came with surrender at the hands of China after experiencing 1,200,000 Turkestani casualties, and 22,000 Turkestani families exiled in China.

Turkistani Independence:

Vengeful Muslims in East Turkistan rebelled against Chinese12 colonialism and Buddhist oppression in seven large and powerful revolts. The last of which was in 1863 which led to the liberation of Eastern Turkistan from Chinese rule and the formation of an independent Kingdom in the 19th century AD. They formed local governments in the five regions, all of whom were under the rule of Attalik Ghazi Yakub Bek, who was granted the titles of Ottoman Sultan and Ameer Al Muslimeen/Commander of The Muslims. Attalik was a good man and established mosques and Islamic schools, some of which still exist even now, but the renewed colonial ambitions of Russia and China, resulted in Chinese forces seizing Eastern Turkestan in 1878.

It was then annexed on November 18, 1884 and Eastern Turkistan was made a province of the Chinese empire. It was renamed Xinxiang, or 'new settlement,' and made Urumqi its capital.

Second Independence of East Turkestan:

Turkistani revolts continued against Chinese colonialism, with a million Muslims killed trying to achieve their salvation and rid their country of Chinese Buddhist rule. The Chinese government savagely and cruelly suppressed the uprisings. Their persecution increased and violence against them persisted, until one of the leaders of the Islamist movements, Abdulqadir Damulla13, liberated the country and formed the Republic of East Turkestan in Kashger on November 12, 1933. But the Chinese viceroy Sheng Shicai eliminated the rebels and their republic in July 1934 alongside Russia with all the necessary force, fearful of the presence of this young Muslim state.

Communist Chinese rule in East Turkistan:

In 1949 the Chinese army commander in East Turkestan surrendered the country and it succumbed to Mao Tse Dong, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Chinese communist forces entered East Turkestan in October 1949 and thus began a new era of terrorism and injustice in the history of East Turkestani Muslims.

The Post Mao Tse Dong Period:

This Period was characterized by a shift from the Communists and the application of a policy of state terrorism to the exercise of a policy of enforcing scientific communism and Chinese culture. Among the most prominent of these practices are:

First: Restricting the exercise of religious rites and to prevent the spread of the teachings of Islam and to avoid the next generation having an Islamic identity.

Second: Maintaining laws that prevented people from exercising their legitimate human rights of education and freedom of expression. Other methods used were surveillance, beatings, arrests and even murder.

Third: The confiscation of the wealth of East Turkistan and depriving the indigenous people of their riches, along with the imposition of a life of poverty, destitution and neglect on them due to the country's lack of economic development.

Fourth: Deceiving the world by the 'establishment' of an 'autonomous' East Turkistan which the Chinese managed from behind the scenes, and implemented by their Turkistani hirelings and their successors.

Fifth: Flooding East Turkestan with Chinese migrants who occupied the places of residence and work of the indigenous people.

Sixth: Carrying out nuclear explosions/tests in occupied Turkestan, which resulted in damage to the environment with poisons and the spread of disease among the Turkistani people.

Seventh: The publicly acknowledged policy of forced birth control, along with the maximum penalties for violators of this policy.

Eighth: Encouraging marriage between Turkistani's and Chinese.

Finally, In Conclusion:

Allah, (SWT) Stated in Surah Fussilat (Ayah 30-33):

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي آُنتُمْ ٣٠

تُوعَدُون

نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُآُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِي أَنفُسُكُمْ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ

٣١

نُزُلًا مِّنْ غَفُورٍ رَّحِيمٍ

٣٢

وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِّمَّن دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

٣٣

صدق الله العظيم

He, Allah the Almighty, speaks the Truth.

"In the case of those who say, "Our Lord is Allah, and, further, stand straight and steadfast, the angels descend on them (from time to time): "Fear ye not!" (they suggest), "Nor grieve! but receive the Glad Tidings of the Garden (of Bliss), the which ye were promised!" 30

"We are your protectors in this life and in the Hereafter: therein shall ye have all that your souls shall desire; therein shall ye have all that ye ask for!" 31

"A hospitable gift from one Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful!" 32

"Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah, works righteousness, and says, "I am of those who bow in Islam"? 33

The Prophet, (صلى الله عليه وسلم ) said:

"Among the best of lives for people is a man who clasps the reins of his horse in the path of Allah, rushing on its back; whenever he hears a cry [of battle] or advancement towards the enemy, he hurries to it, seeking death and being slain with eagerness.” Sahih Muslim.

Oh Allah! the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful! Oh The Creator of the Heavens and the Earth!, We ask in Your beautiful names and supreme attributes! And by Your Almighty Name, by which if we call, You will answer. We bear witness that You are Allah, The One and The Only, The Eternal, who begetteth not, nor is He begotten and there is none like unto Him. We ask You to make us into one of those who will give victory Your Deen and instill in us patience, persistence, honesty, loyalty and acceptance. Oh Allah!, accept us into Your Army and make us of the last few [Ghuraba], and gather us together to join our beloved Mustafa, صلى الله عليه وسلم , with the prophets, the early believers, martyrs, the righteous, and those of the best of the companions..

Dear beloved brothers: In this work, I tried hard to think of what is need for the victory of the Deen of the Lord of the Worlds, for the truth and that which is deemed right by Allah, The Almighty, and none can guide towards the good except Him. And if there is a mistake it is from the Satan and my limited self. He is the Most High and I ask for forgiveness from Allah, The Almighty, and I turn in repentance to Him. And our final prayer is that all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

Written by the beggar who seeks Allah's mercy

Omar Abdel Hakim (Abu Musab Al Suri)

On the night of 27 Rajab 1420 AH/November 1999

footnotes

1 By Al Sham, it means historic Sham, which includes current day Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon.

2 I don’t really know what this refers to but InshaAllah if someone could update this work and include what this refers to, that would be best.

3 The Ahadith of the exit of the black flags and The Mahdi are in the Sunan and the Musnad and some of them are authentic/sahih and in some of them are weak/dhaeef and we will confine to the mention of some of them. In the collection of Ibn Majah, Thuban, (RA), reported that The Messenger of Allah said “for your treasure, three persons would fight. Every one of them would be the son of a khalifa. But none of them would get it. Then black flags would appear from the east. They shall massacre you, but no community would be able to kill them. Then, my master said something after this, which I have forgotten. He said when you see him make covenent (ba’it) with him even if you have to go crawling upon snow, because he is the Vicegerent/Khalifa of Allah, The Mahdi,” and this is a authentic/Sahih hadith. In the collection of Ahmed, Thuban (RA), also reported The Messenger of Allah said “if you see the black flags coming from Khorasan, therein is the Vicegerent of Allah, The Mahdi,” where some say Ali Bin Zaid has weaknesses and others authenticate him. As for the Mahdi ahadith in Abu Dawoud, Umm Salma, may Allah be pleased with her, has narrated that the Messenger of Allah ( ملسصلى الله عليه و ) said: “The Mahdi will be of the progeny born to Fatima,” is authentic/sahih, and also in the narration of Abi Said Al Khudri (RA), the Messenger of Allah ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) said: “Our Mahdi will have a broad forehead and a pointed (prominent) nose. He will fill the earth with justice as it is filled with injustice and tyranny. He will rule for seven years.” The narrator Sahl Bin Tamam Bin Buzaya is not considered a narrator of this hadith or any hadith in general, [which in turn weakens the chain of narration]. Also in the collection of Abu Dawoud, Abdullah bin Masood , (RA), reported the Prophet, ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ), said “If there remains in the world but a day, the Allmighty Allah will greatly prolong that day till He will send there in a man from me or from the members of my house. His name will be similar to my name and his father's name to my father's name.” In another narration “…fills the earth with, justice and equality as it was filled with injustice and inequality.” In another account: “The world will not go to an end until a man from my family will rule over the Arabian countries. Whose name will agree with my name,” This is a Fair/hasan hadith, and in the collection of Imam Ahmad, Abi Said Al Khudri (RA), narrates that the Prophet, ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) said: “The Mahdi will be among my Ummah, for a long time or a short time, living either seven years, eight years or nine years in which he will fill the Earth with equality and justice and the earth will bring forth all that grows for him, and the heavens will pour down rains in abundance.” One of the narrators is Zayd Al-Amiy, is considered by some scholars as weak. Also another narration is that of Abi Said Al Khudri (RA) that the Messenger of Allah said, ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) “The earth will be filled with injustice and corruption. At that time, a man from among my progeny will rise and will rule for seven or nine years and will fill the earth with justice and equity.” This is classified as a Fair/Hasan Hadith.

4 Greater Khorasan contained mostly Herat, Balkh, Kabul and Ghazni (now in Afghanistan), Nishapur, Tus and Mashhad (now in Iran), Merv and Sanjan (now in Turkmenistan), Samarqand and Bukhara (both now in Uzbekistan) as well as the Bactrian regions (in Afghanistan and Tajikistan).

5 In 656 CE, the then caliph Uthman ibn Affan, was murdered by a group of rebels as he sat reading the Qur'an in his home in Medina. Medina fell into chaos and uproar. Citizens flocked to Ali ibn Abu Talib, the Prophet Muhammad's (صلى الله عليه وسلم) cousin and son-in-law, and a respected community leader who had been passed over for the leadership three times since the death of the prophet. Ali then had to fight against numerous challengers to his rule. He fought the Prophet Muhammad's (هيلع (وسلم صلى الله widow Aisha (RA) at the Battle of the Camel; there's a note Ali never attempted to fight Aisha but his army, who were eager to inflame a sedition, started the war. He fought Uthman's kinsman Mu'awiya, the governor of Syria, at the Battle of Siffin to a stalemate and then lost a controversial arbitration; and he fought his own mutinous soldiers (the first Kharijites).

6 Khwarezm was a series of states centered on the Amu Darya river delta of the former Aral Sea, in modern Uzbekistan, extending across the Ust-Urt plateau and possibly as far west as the eastern shores of the northern Caspian Sea. To the south it bordered Khorasan, to the north the kingdom of Alans, to the southeast Kangju and Sogdian Transoxiana, and on the northeast with the Huns of Transiaxartesia. Its capitals were Old Urgench (Persian: Kuhna Gurganj) and, from the 17th century on, Khiva, when Khwarezm became known as the Khanate of Khiva.

7 It is the largely obsolete name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southwest Kazakhstan. The Arabic "mā wara` an-nahr", "that which is beyond the river": is an alternate name for the country.

8 Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf (Arabic: فسوي نب الحجاج , also known as Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ath-Thaqafī); born in June 661 in aţ-Ţā’if and died 714 in Wasit, Iraq, was an important Arab administrator during the Umayyad Caliphate. Hajjaj bin Yusuf's period saw the Arabs on their zenith and he played an important part in it. The administrative language of Iraq officially changed from Middle Persian (Pahlavi) to Arabic during his governorship. The records of administrative documents (diwans) of Iraq transferred from Pahlavi to Arabic.

9 Fustat (Arabic: الفسطاط ), also spelled Fostat, Al Fustat, Misr al-Fustat and Fustat-Misr, was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule. It was built by the Muslim general Amr ibn al-As immediately after the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE, and featured the Mosque of Amr, the first mosque ever built in Egypt. This mosque was also the first mosque built in Africa, since the Islamic expansion onto the continent commenced with Egypt. The early population of the city was composed almost entirely of soldiers and their families, and the layout of the city was similar to that of a garrison: Amr intended for Fustat to serve as a base from which to conquer North Africa, as well as to launch further campaigns against Byzantium. It remained the primary base for Muslim expansion in Africa until Qayrawan was founded in Tunisia in 670.

10 Al-Anbiya, 21:92

11 Surat-as-Saff (61), Ayah 4

12 When Sheikh Abu Musab, talks about the Chinese in this context, he is referring to the Manchu Empire which was a Chinese dynasty.

13 Educated in the Muslim lands, he made people aware of their sacred values and historical heritage. Damulla opened a school called the Matla'ul Hidayat, and began to teach the young people of East Turkestan about their history, as well as helping to raise the popular consciousness by means of the books he published. Following Damulla, the struggle in East Turkestan was taken on by the "the Three Masters," Isa Yusuf Alptekin, Muhammed Emin Bugra, and Mesud Sabri Baykuzu.

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